Public art is a broad genre of creative works that is designed to be displayed in spaces accessible by the general population. From monumental sculptures gracing city squares to murals decorating walls of municipal buildings, public artworks serve as a powerful means for communicating ideas, emotions and messages to the community at large. Often, these works can be found in parks and transportation hubs, but they can also be displayed in libraries and schools. Public art is typically commissioned by the government or by private organizations, but it may also be the result of a percent-for-art ordinance in which money is set aside for the creation of artworks that celebrate a place or community.
A public art piece can be any artistic expression and is often commissioned to interpret a particular space or address a specific issue. It can be temporary or permanent and may be a sculpture, a monument, a mural or any other artistic medium. The art may depict a historical event or it may represent a contemporary issue.
Unlike private art, which is usually created for sale or exhibition, public art is meant to be a permanent part of the community. Because of this, there are many complexities that come with creating a work of public art. For example, public works must be able to withstand the weather, vandalism and wear and tear over time. Additionally, if the piece is a memorial or commemorates a tragedy, it must be carefully vetted to ensure that the message is clear and that the work has been created in a sensitive manner.
Because of the complexities involved in public art, the process of commissioning a work can take years to complete. Multiple people must be consulted and involved in the project, including the artist or artists, architects, designers, community members, politicians and local residents. The art must be approved by the community and a process must be in place to determine what kind of maintenance will be necessary for the piece to last over time. Additionally, a contract should be in place between the artist and the commissioning agency specifying the nature of the work, a timeline for installation and completion, payment schedule, insurance and liability coverage, and maintenance responsibilities.
In addition to the practical considerations of public art, there are aesthetic issues that must be taken into account. Many public works are intended to be beautiful and to attract attention. This can be achieved through color, design or the use of an unusual medium. For example, a public art project might include an illuminated sculpture to create a focal point in a dark neighborhood or an outdoor art exhibit during the day that will draw visitors to the area.
Public art can be a valuable addition to any community, providing economic benefits and fostering a sense of civic pride. Studies show that it can improve street safety, boost tourism and increase local jobs. It can also combat social isolation and loneliness by bringing people together. These benefits have prompted cities across the globe to promote art in their streets and urban centers.