In its most basic form, art is an expression of the human imagination. It is a tool that allows us to visualize our own thoughts and ideas in non-grammatical ways, and it can express emotions and feelings in a way that words cannot. At the same time, it can also be a record of what we see in the world around us, whether it is a picture of a sunset or a sculpture that depicts the gods and goddesses of ancient religions. Art is a medium that has long predated philosophy and science, yet it often receives less attention from philosophers than it deserves.
The first artistic displays by humans were probably shamanic, ceremonial or ritual in nature. Drawings using natural pigments were created on the walls of caves for narrative, shamanic or religious purposes, and they depicted hunting scenes and animal figurines. These early artworks are considered to be the first real artistic movements in history.
Since then, art has developed and expanded in a variety of ways. It has been influenced by the Renaissance, Baroque and different -isms, but it also includes the works of contemporary artists who have developed their own styles and techniques. The seven elements of visual art – line, shape, form, space, texture, value and color – are the foundation for all visual arts, from a child’s finger-painting to a painting in the Louvre.
The definition of what is art has also been challenged over the years. Some philosophers have argued that anything that is intentionally created, designed or arranged is art, while others have claimed that only objects with specific properties can be regarded as art. This latter theory is more closely related to the concept of beauty, and it is based on the fact that certain objects are more visually appealing than others.
For example, a painting of a landscape with a clear sky, a dark foreground and an interesting texture can be considered to be art by some people while others might find it ugly or boring. The subjective nature of art makes it hard to define and categorize, but most agree that it is created to please the eye.
Another function of art is communication, either between artists or with the public. Illustrative art, such as maps or scientific diagrams, is considered to be a type of art, but it can also convey ideas and emotions. Artists can also use their work to raise awareness for a wide range of social issues, such as ocean conservation or human rights in Darfur.
Creating art is also believed to be therapeutic. The act of creation puts the mind in a “flow state,” and it can reduce the production of stress hormones. One study found that 45 minutes of creating art in a studio reduced cortisol levels in 39 adults, regardless of their experience or skill level. Another benefit of making art is that it can help with memory and motor skills, and it can improve concentration and self-esteem.