Public art is art that is created specifically for display in public spaces – typically outside of a museum or gallery context. Unlike artwork that is created in a studio or in a private collection, public works are designed to withstand the elements and be visible for the entire community. Public art is a broad field that can include everything from monumental sculptures and statues to temporary murals, site-specific installations, architecture, land and environmental work, community art, and even performance and festivals.
The most successful public art projects are those that involve extensive input at the onset of the project from both the artist and the community. The goal is to create pieces that both inspire a sense of civic pride and add beauty to the urban environment. Additionally, the pieces should also serve to question urban citizenship and place. In the words of art critic and historian Laura Phillips, “A primary aim of Public Art should be to interrogate the rich symbiotic topography of civic, social, and cultural forces that shape city life.”
Creating a successful public art project requires a unique blend of artistic talent and practical knowledge. Public art must be able to withstand the elements, be durable enough for outdoor placement, and remain relevant and engaging over time. This is not easy and can be quite challenging for artists, designers and planners alike. However, the results can be beautiful and rewarding for all involved.
As the demand for public art grows, a number of different programs are being established to facilitate its creation. For example, some cities require public art to be included in any major construction projects, while others have dedicated public art funds. In addition, the Florida Division of Arts and Culture’s Art in State Buildings Program acquires artwork for any new facility funded with state money. The Public Arts Network (PAN), a national organization, provides resources and links to public art programs.
Many people are accustomed to seeing public art in the form of historic bronze statues and memorials or integrated architectural or landscape architectural work. However, public art can also be transitory, taking the form of dance, theatre, graffiti, or posters. It can even be a tool of political or civic protest, such as the propaganda posters that were used by the Soviet Union and the Irish Republicans in Northern Ireland.
One of the most interesting aspects of public art is its ability to encourage a sense of community pride and foster a sense of belonging. This is especially true for local residents who can often see themselves reflected in the artwork and find a sense of ownership over it. Furthermore, the presence of a piece of public art can help to draw tourists and visitors to a region, thus contributing to a city’s economic vitality. The development and implementation of public art is a complex process, but the rewards can be great for both the artist and the community.